
There appears to be a
high level of consensus among European students of social movements
about trends in the recent past. Two parallel and opposed developments
have occurred. On one hand, labour movements, concerned to improve
workers' material conditions, have declined in significance. On the
other hand, new social movements, concerned with such oppressions as
those around gender, sexuality and race and with such pathologies of
modernity as militarism and environmental degradation, have become more
important. This consensus, which began to emerge in the early 1980s,
was not accidental. That period witnessed the rapid growth of peace
movements, and the increasing prominence of the Green movement in West
Germany and elsewhere. Around the same time most of the advanced
economies of Europe, North America, and Japan experienced significant
declines in levels of strike action. Reflecting on these dual and
opposing trends, social movement theorists sought explanations to
encompass both developments. Why were New Social Movements (NSMs)
becoming more important while labour movements were declining? Out of
their reflections, in an intellectual context marked by a discrediting
of traditional Marxism, there appeared a paradigmatic account, which
this article critically reviews.
- 12,000 words – 46 pages in
length
- Excellent use of literature
- Well written throughout
- Ideal for sociology
students
The Paradigm
Socio-economic Development
Rationalization
New Social Movements
Beyond the Paradigm
Analyzing Class and
Social Movements
An Example: Racism and
British Trade Unionism
Secular-Structural or
Conjunctural Explanation?
Roots of the Current
Conjuncture
The Return of Class?
An Open Conclusion
References
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